Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy Is an effective tool In treating anger Issues In young children, especially teens and adolescents. Cognitive therapy has been used by counselors for many years, and has been proven to be quite effective in the management of teen anger issues. Different methods and techniques have been used for different individuals suffering from anger issues. The specific method used depends on the severity of the anger, and on what works best because each individual will react differently to certain types of treatment.This type of therapy Involves the ability for one to change their irrational Hough processes into more rational and healthier thoughts. Cognitive therapy also allows teens to cope with their anger in a healthier way. It Is especially Important to help teens control his or her anger because teenagers can be very rebellious and stubborn in changing their ways (Hall, 2012). Anger management can be counterproductive for any individual. It can cause problems with relation ships, employment, or during social events. Cognitive therapy teaches teens ways in which this type of unhealthy anger can be channeled properly (Hall, 2012).Counselors have found that cognitive therapy Is extremely effective In reading teenagers with anger problems. Cognitive therapy Is especially necessary In situations in which the teen can have a severe and sudden outburst. These types of scenarios can cause teems to bring harm to themselves or others, and should never be taken too lightly. When anger is noticed in adolescents, it is a necessity that such issues be dealt with at a very young age. If the child is left untreated for too long, serious damage can occur later on In that Individual's life.These types of programs have been proven to change the behavior and the way information is processed for the teen. It shows them a new way to cope with their anger and to change their ways of behaving. Of course these are Just some techniques and tools used for anger management in te ens. Anger management uses different ways of controlling and managing anger to avoid rash behavior. Teenage anger should not be ignored it can lead to violence, substance abuse, or participation in high-risk behavior. An example is a teenage multiple offender with road rage is ordered by a Judge to attend anger management classes.This tool helps teenagers to identify their triggers, warning signs, and ways to diffuse their anger effectively, before they react. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and antisocial behaviors. An important skill for teenagers to cultivate is healthy anger management. Anger is normal, and we must deal with it in an appropriate way. Anger management skills are stress management techniques, communication, and problem-solving skills. Techniques of anger management require practice but becomes like second nature with repetition.It is acceptable to Just leave the situation that may make the teenager angry. It can be best for them to give themselves time to cool do wn. It is important for the teenager to give creative expression to defuse the emotion. They can write down what they feel and be honest about their feeling and what made hem angry. The writing should be private and not read by anyone. It is important for the teenager to get the feelings out instead of bottling them up inside. Playing calm music can be relaxing to some as well and help settle the anger.A walk, Jog, or work out can help a teenager channel their anger. This helps to reduce a person's emotional tension. Exercise helps endorphins neuron chemicals that help calm and relax them. This allows them to constructively deal with the situation that angers them. The teenager must recognize the emotion and sensations that come with anger to allow them to manage and prevent the anger from turning into rage. The signs are a racing heartbeat and muscle tension. Knowing the signals that trigger the anger can help the teenager constructively deal with the anger.Relaxation is a good tec hnique to use. The five steps that teenagers need to learn are to identify the source of the anger, identify three possible solutions, identify possible consequences, choose their response, and analyze the reaction after the situation is over. The teenagers can use the games found in â€Å"104 Activities That Build†, by Author Alan Jones. They help build on self-esteem and hide anger and fears. If teenagers manage their stress and anger it lowers their risk for eating disorders, depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, and substance abuse.The most critical years for a child's development are his or her teenage years. Children are observing the surroundings and making mistakes to learn new experiences. What the child is exposed to challenges that are pleasant and unpleasant and the way the child learns to deal with them is what molds his or her personality (Crawl, 2009). When that child becomes a teenager, when he or she s exposed to an upsetting or unpleasant situation , the teen often lashes out. When these situations escalate, the situation may become unmanageable, and this is the time to seek professional help for the teen.Learning to control anger and take positive steps to control impulsive behavior can be accomplished through counseling. Counseling helps empower teenagers how to react in a stressful situation and retain this information well into adult life (Crawl, 2009). The teenager is taught through counseling to evaluate every situation before making a decision that may prove to be damaging. Crawl (2009), â€Å"There are various methods for anger management among teenagers, but the end result is what really matters† (Para. 3).Many teens find it easier to express his or her feelings freely and is not afraid to hear what the counselor has to say. The counseling sessions will encourage teens to make slow but steady changes. The teen believe that the therapist provides a supportive environment and the therapist cares what will happen to him or her, so the teen will feel relaxed enough to want to change. There are many effective techniques to help teenagers deal with pressure; cognitive hereby has been proven to work more effectively than others.

Sons and Lover Themess

Oedipus Complex : The idea of the Oedipus Complex is derived from the legend of King Oedipus of Thebes in ancient Greece. Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. He begot two sons and two daughters from her. Freud, a German psychologist, used the term Oedipus Complex to signify the manifestation of the sexual desire of the child for the parent of the opposite sex i. e. sexual desire of the son for mother and conflict with father.Webster’s Dictionary explain the Oedipus Complex as : ’ ’ the unconscious tendency of a child to be attached to the parent of the opposite sex and hostile towards the other parent: its persistence in adult life results in neurotic disorders . Thus the sons in his every infancy is sexually attached to the mother. At the same time there is corresponding hatred of the father. The son when he is excessively attached too the mother develops the Oedipus Complex and suffers from mother-fixation. ’’Sons and Lov ers’’ is the first Freudian novel in the English literature.The Oedipus Complex is the centralized theme of the novel, It covers a large space and is a dominant factor in the novel. Paul is too much emotionally attached to his mother, Mrs. Morel and suffers from mother-fixation and mother image often pops up to stand between him and the objects of his love (Miriam and Clara ). The Oedipus Complex has been widely diffused over the canvas of the novel. Lawrence and Oedipus Complex- It is a fact that Lawrence is suffered from the Oedipus Complex in his life. He was a victim of deep rooted mother fixation .His mother Lydia Lawrence had a very strong hold on him. He also love his mother passionately like a lover. The mother was dissatisfied in her marriage and took great care of the son. The Son being sickly and weak depended on her and she gave him warmth of life, inspiration and love. Owing to it he was never able to establish a happy emotional relationship with other wom en. He was a torture soul throughout his life and his suffering, his observation reflected in ’’ Sons and Lovers’’ Oedipus Complex in ’’Sons and Lovers † –William and his Mother – In the novel the unhappy married life of Lawrence’ s parents is reflected in the ill-matched and unhappy marriage between Walter Morel, a miner and Gertrude Morel, an educated and cultured lady. After the birth of the first son William, Mrs. Morel begins to alienate and hate her husband. As William grows up he also begins to hate his father at the instance of his mother. Mrs. Morel is frustrated in her marriage and seeks emotional fulfillment in the son William. William is handsome and a number of girls come to see him. The mother is possessive and does not want her son to make friendship with girls.She become jealous of them. She cannot tolerate William’ s girlfriend Gyp and criticizes her. William is torn between his attachment f or his mother and love for his beloved. Paul and his Mother – After Williams’ s death his place is taken by the second son, Paul wjo has already taken his father’s place in the mother’s heart. The relationship between Paul and his mother runs throughout the novel. All other relationships are brought into contact with it and are subordinate to it. It is the central expression of the theme of the novel. Everything is ultimately referred to this mother-son relationship.Paul and his Father : The Oedipus Complex leads to the envy of the father. Mrs. Morel mercilessly casts off her husband. The mother encourages her son to hate his father. Paul looks upon his father as his rival in his monopoly over his mother’s love. As a result, there develops a feeling of hatred and hostility between father and the son. Paul, Miriam and Clara : Paul’s unhealthy and abnormal relationship with his mother results in his failure to establish normal sexual and emoti onal relationship with other women. He fails in his relationship with Miriam and Clara mainly because of his love for his mother.The mother-fixation in him is so strong that he cannot give himself freely and fully to Miriam. The Oedipus Complex in him has weakened him emotionally. He is glued to his mother spiritually and emotionally, if not sexually. Paul always seeks mother image in his woman. Clara is simply rejected because he fails to find in her the mother-image. Miriam is only spiritual substitute of the mother. So being dissatisfied with both Miriam and Clara, he clings on to his mother. Mrs. Morel,’’ You haven’t met the right woman. ’’ Paul replies,’’ And I shall never meet the right woman while you live. ’ Paul stands in the web of the Freudian psychoanalysis as a fly and the mother, Mrs. Morel plays a spider, always praying upon him. Her affection is just a mask. There are sinister forces underneath and these are the domain of the Oedipus Complex. Even in the death of the mother there is no release for Paul. He will be haunted by her soul for ever. In the end Paul severs his connection both with Miriam and Clara and becomes indifferent to life and death alike. Thus the Oedipus Complex in the guise of mother-fixation is responsible for the other tragedy of Paul

The behaviour of organisations and the market environment Essay

The behaviour of organisations and the market environment - Essay Example Sony being one of the leaders in the music, movies, gaming and electronic industry is competing with many players in the electronic market. Several players like Samsung, hp, LG are already in a steady position in the market with around same market share. The industry of electronics grew at a very fast pace over the year and with the emergence of many new companies from South Korea like Samsung and LG many existing players of the market like Sony are suffering to maintain their market share. Samsung maintained a huge profit of $3 billion profit while Sony suffered in earning during the same period (LedTV, 2011). To maintain the market share the company need to develop a strong base to compete with the global market (Market Research News, 2011). Though these players are entering into the market but threats from new entrants are relatively low in electronics industry as compared to other industry. The capital requirement for the entry is huge for the new players which is not possible fo r many to enter the market. The switching cost of the new entrants is also high in electronic industry. For new players it’s difficult for them to know the new technologies and invest in research and development process. The diversified product line from the existing players like Sony is a great advantage for them. Economies of scale are another issue which keeps the competition low from the new players. Define the meaning of perfect competition. To what extent does your chosen industry’s structure fit with your definition? In a perfect competition scenario all the players of the market are approximately equally sharing the market share. None of the companies in the market are large enough to set the price for the industry. Most of the firms in the same industry produce same kind of products and follow the expected price for the product which other players are using. In a perfect competition market no single company leads the race for the industry. Everyone in the mark et possesses same kind of small market share. The customers in a perfect competition market are aware of the products from all the players and they have an expected price of the different products from the companies the new entrants can enter with ease in this market situation and they also don’

The Robinson-Patman Act and Its Applicability in the Modern Age Research Paper

The Robinson-Patman Act and Its Applicability in the Modern Age - Research Paper Example This unfair business practice created a price discrimination problem that threatened the survival of small companies or retailers (McElvain 35). Then the Robinson-Patman Act was implemented during the Great Depression when these large businesses that had emerged then were having competitive advantages over smaller retailers. There is no doubt that Robinson-Patman Act doused this economic problem by fighting against price discrimination. And the critics believe that the Act was most effective during this time period when price fixing posed a serious threat on competition and the economy. As a matter of fact, Robinson-Patman Act tended to reduce criminal business practices during the Great Depression. Therefore, four major requirements must occur for a claim to arise under the Robinson-Patman Act. There must be: 1. a sale of products that are of like â€Å"grade and quality† 2. from the same vendor to different purchasers in which there 3. is a discrimination in the prices of the products sold 4. that causes a restraint in competition. This necessitates that if a big company offers to sell a product of similar â€Å"grade and quality† at an expressly cheaper price, the small retailer affected by this action may seek legal recourse for redress and compensation. This action would discourage big businesses from using their economies of scales to have an advantage over the small businesses. Potentially, if the price of a good is reduced, a company can sell as many pieces of the product to several purchasers at a price that is far cheaper than the offering price by a smaller retailer. This discrimination in price kills competition, and it was discovered to be an inhibition to the economic growth during the Great Depression. The Court's opinion in FTC v. Morton Salt, 334 U.S. 37 (1948), illustrates how it was applied during the age of booming large businesses. Interestingly, the Supreme Court ruled that Morton Salt had acted illegally by selling its finest â€Å"Blue Label† salt to large chain-stores at a r elatively cheaper price instead of making the same product available for customers nationwide at the same price. The Federal Trade Commission made sure that the Robinson-Patman Act was enforced to discourage the criminal trade practice of selling goods at a discount price to large stores simply because they could afford to purchase large quantities of the products at a time. One of the possible effects of this practice is that small retailers would be pushed out of business as consumers could not afford to buy the same product or good that are offered at a competitive price by the 3 large stores. This instance of price discrimination was what Robinson-Patman Act fought against in the earliest time. The Congress then perceived the act of price fixing as an inhibitive and unhelpful to the American economy that had already been battered by the Great Depression. Critics have always pointed to the fact that the World World I contributed to the emergence of the Great Depression, and that the sharp practices by big retailers to cheat the smaller ones was caused by the need to earn higher profitability at the expense of other retailers (McElvain 48). Therefore, enacting the Robinson-Patman Act served as a salvaging force to discourage large businesses from making life unbearable for ordinary Americans who had already had enough hardship due to the effects of

Impact of the Housing Market on the US GDP Term Paper

Impact of the Housing Market on the US GDP - Term Paper Example There are different types of competition and different types of markets available in economic sense. Why is GDP important? The GDP Gross domestic product is one of the primary indicators to predict a country’s stability and economic health. â€Å"Gross domestic product (GDP) tells you about the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living.† Impact of the Housing Market on the US GDP (Facts and Statistics): the housing market of US includes the construction, sale, and resale; of all residential properties all over the country, people might underestimate the US housing market but usually the conditions of the housing market indicates the stability of the entire economy. Homes are fixed Assets. Constructing and selling of the houses are highly related with the economic society. People usually buy houses for the purpose of long term investment. Hous es are their tangible assets. People only buy houses when they are confident enough that they will be able to pay entirely for the house. But often people take loans and borrow money from people to purchase a house and when they fail to pay back, this has a very diverse impact on the economy. Besides the basic buying and selling of the houses, whenever a new house is built or purchased many new appliances, furniture, utility services, and many other goods and services are brought. Many people earn their livelihood by constructing, buying and selling of the houses in US. Hence the Housing market has a vast impact on the US economy. â€Å"The best way to judge the stability of any country is to look at its GDP, the U.S. economy, as measured by GDP, is everything produced by all the people and all the companies in the U.S. In 2010, it was $14.7 trillion. (The American Bureau facts and statistics 2010)† Housing is a â€Å"mid-stream† sector of the economy, meaning that man y other industries, both upstream and downstream, is affected by the health of the housing market. For example, the demand for building materials increases in a booming housing market, as does the demand for appliances and furnishings. Even more important in terms of dollars pumped into the economy, is appreciated home values, which have been an important source of stimulus over the past few years. Housing sector contributes to GDP in two main ways: through private residential investment and consumption spending on housing services. In times gone by, residential investment has averaged roughly 5 percent of GDP while housing services have averaged between 12 and 13 percent, for a combined 17 to 18 percent of GDP. These shares tend to vary over the business cycle. The construction of the houses has a small portion of the Gross domestic product i.e. $573 bill-lion. Other investments like furniture and household equipments, comprises another 5 percent of GDP. Altogether, currently the h ousing sector comprises 15 percent of the economy. (The American Bureau facts and statistics 2011) Constructing a new home building generates income and jobs for the citizens, as well as becomes a source of revenue for the government. Whereas home building also generates liability for the government and increase their costs by

Visible Organizational Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visible Organizational Culture - Essay Example organizational units, enhancing cross-cultural management, developing teamwork support and sustaining workforce diversity management successfully (Baker, 2002). McDonald’s Corporation is recognized to be one of the foremost foodservice retailers in the world which possesses over 33,000 local restaurants that serve approximately 68 million individuals in a single day in 119 countries. The organization has focused upon various areas that include delivering quality products to its customers, ensuring sustainable management of supply chain and maintaining their environmental responsibility in order to make constant improvements in the upcoming years (McDonald’s, 2012). A visible organizational culture often involves the policies, values, procedure manuals and organizational charts of an organization. In this similar context, the imperative business values of McDonald’s include depicting dedication to offer incomparable levels of cultural values to its employees, offering better quality service as well as cleanliness to its large base of customers and most importantly performing its business operations with integrity and honesty. The other noteworthy business values of McDonald’s include its commitment to the working personnel of the company by delivering various attractive opportunities in terms of rewards, ethically conducting business operations, growing the business more profitably and striving continuously to enhance in order to attain more profitability in the long term (McDonald’s, 2012). From the perspective of the organizational culture, it has been viewed that McDonald’s holds a sturdy organizational culture. Due to its strong organizational culture, the organization has enjoyed overwhelming success in comparison with other competitors in the world. One of the imperative facets of McDonald’s is that it is well known worldwide for the deliverance of standard menus to its valued customers with outstanding product quality. Moreover, the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Summary - Essay Example She has termed the bigger dams a recipe of disaster that impacts the masses in a direct manner. She expresses her concern in the context of the price being paid by the ordinary citizen. The author of the â€Å"Greater Common Good† Arundhati Roy derives her repute and recognition from skills and pedigree in number of domains. Her notable works are â€Å"The God of Small Things (1997) ( Roy, 2002)†. Other notable works of Arundhati Roy include the â€Å"In Which Annie Gives it Those Ones† (Roy, ,2003) â€Å"Electronic Moon (1992)† along with the more talked about movie â€Å"The Great Indian Rape Trick† which was more significant on the account of tracing the life events of Polen Devi. Sardar Sarovar Dam being part of the Narmada Valley is an example of the same pattern where big dam is on the lines of development and construction and this in turn is bringing about all the challenges that are stated above. Arundhati Roy has taken up the case of Narmada River dams with regard to its facilitation, its terrain, impact on the people and other associated factors. The grey areas in case of dams’ construction come in form of the development line. The people do receive compensations and other packages but that is not like the actual case and feature. Little concern and consideration is given to the area of their rehabilitation in the context of mental disturbance and overall social stratification that takes place and hits back in a negative manner. According to Roy, the conventional mindset would for big dams based on the conventional stats and facts that they would serve as repository of water and other resources of natural life; however this would in actual stand as rhetoric only. The other side of the story and the page is given little regard and value. One of the common beliefs that is prevailing against the establishment of the reservoirs is that of the carbon dioxide repository and emission from these sources which further leads to imbalance in the

Abortion & The Religious Opposition Research Paper

Abortion & The Religious Opposition - Research Paper Example Belief in religion was so strong earlier which prevented people from performing abortion. Most of the religions, especially the Christian religion, oppose abortion because of the serious ethical issues involved in it. According to Christian belief, only the creator (The God) has the sole right over creations and doing something against the will of God is unethical. Christians or the church argue that even after tremendous advancements in science and technology, the mysteries around life and death are not unveiled yet. In other words, Christians do believe that the secrets behind human life are uncatchable to human abilities and only the God has the authority on human life. In short, church always believes that denying the opportunity of a child to live in this world cannot be justified. On the other hand, critics of above argument argue that everything in this universe is meant for the wellbeing of the human and human has the right to do everything needed to make his/her life comfort able. Thus churches and current liberal or advanced societies have different perceptions about topics such as abortion. This paper analyses the various arguments in favor and against abortion through religious perspectives. â€Å"The Catholic Church has always condemned abortion as a grave evil. Christian writers from the first-century author of the Didache to Pope John Paul II have maintained that the Bible forbids abortion, just as it forbids murder† (Abortion). Abortion is an act of murdering. It is just like a person being killed by another person. Some people believe that God forgives every sin and in order to get salvation, a confession before the end of life is enough. But in many cases, people may not get an opportunity to confess their sins because of the unexpected arrival of death. Under such circumstances, it is better to stay away from committing mistakes rather than expecting forgiveness from God later. Killing of fetus in order to rescue the life of mother coul d be the justified up to certain extent. Didache and Pope John Paul II justified abortion based on the above belief and argument. Old Testament is more critical on causing damages to a fetus. The following words from Exodus 21:22-24 clearly suggests that the life of a fetus is as important as the life of a human. If men who are fighting hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely, but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands and the court allows. But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot (Ex. 21:22–24) (Abortion) The life of a fetus is as important as the life of a human according to Moses. Destruction of a fetus is nothing smaller than killing of another person. Moses declared that a criminal who causes damage to a fetus should be punished severely which is evident from the above words from Holy Bible. However, Jesus Christ has li beralized many of the laws of Moses. Jesus gave more importance to Forgiveness and Love. Jesus came to this world in search of sinners rather than saints. So he did everything possible to save the lives of sinners. In fact he sacrificed his life for saving the lives of sinners. He taught the sinners that if they confess their sins and accept Jesus as their savior, they will get salvation. In other words, it is possible to argue that Jesus may forgive the sins with respect to abortion

William Shakespear Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William Shakespear - Research Paper Example In 1582 when he was eighteen years old, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than him. She bore him three children, Susanna as the first born and twins who were named Judith and Hamnet. Shakespeare and his family lived in London. Much is not known about Shakespeare life from 1584 to 1592 (Buckley 1417). Shakespeare worked with Lord Chamberlain's Men acting company. In 1592, Shakespeare presented Henry VI, King John and Titus Andronicus, plays that many think that he could have written during his lost years. Their quality varied significantly and showed that Shakespeare adapted them from existing scripts. He also wrote poems, presenting one of his greatest poems in 1593 called Venus and Adonis. This was followed by the Ravishment of Lucrece, which was written in 1594 (Tejvan 2009). Besides writing poems and plays, Shakespeare also worked as an actor. In 1609, a book containing one hundred and fifty four sonnets written by Shakespeare was published. Some of the n otable plays written early in his life are Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Richard III, and the Taming of the Shrew. In the last half of his career, Shakespeare wrote his greatest plays that included, King Lear, Othello, Hamlet, and Macbeth. He is said to have introduced approximately three thousand words to the English language through his work in literature. In 1616, he died in his hometown of Stratford at the age of fifty two (Tejvan 2009). Review of the Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a comedy written by Shakespeare. The play is about Antonio, the merchant of Venice, his friends and his adversary, Shylock who is a money lender. Basssanio, Antonio’s close friend, wants to marry Portia, a smart beautiful lady with a vast inheritance (Sokol 209). However, Bassanio does not have the money to travel to Portia’s home and goes to Antonio to borrow some money. Antonio’s money is held up in the sea as his boats have not returned from a busin ess voyage. Antonio tells Bassanio to borrow three thousand ducats from Shylock, which Antonio will pay once his ships arrive from the business trip. Shylock agrees and puts stringent measures because he dislikes Antonio, where he insists on cutting a pound of flesh from his torso if the money is not paid back on the date agreed upon (Corbett 2009). Shylock has a beautiful daughter who falls in love with Lorenzo, a friend to Bassanio. As Bassanio leaves to meet Portia, Jessica also escapes with a sizeable amount of Shylock’s wealth and elopes with Lorenzo (Sokol 210). At Portia’s home, Bassanio and his entourage are welcomed and it becomes apparent that Portia likes him and would want him to pass a test that his father had designed. Portia’s father had prepared three boxes made of different materials, some being expensive while one was not. For any man to marry Portia, he had to select the box with Portia’s portrait. The play shows that a few wealthy suit ors had failed but Bassanio succeeded (Corbett 2009). Bassanio now has won Portia, Lorenzo has Jessica but one problem arises. Antonio’s ships have not arrived meaning that his debt to shylock debt has not been paid. Portia agrees to pay the amount and even multiply it but since Shylock resents Antonio, he refuses and insists on his day in court. Portia disguised as an attorney, defends Antonio without his or Bassanio’s knowledge. Shylock demands for justice, which is the pound of flesh and the witty Portia asks him to cut Antonio flesh but on one condition. Antonio should not bleed since the contract did not include the shedding of blood. Antonio wins the case and Portia reveals herself later to Bassanio as he had

Sensing and Control Essay Example for Free

Sensing and Control Essay There are hundred and millions of softwares that use sensing and control. Companies need to use sensing and control. Otherwise computers will not be able to communicate with each other and we will not be able to live without the sensing and control program because it is an every day use. Sensing and control is mainly used to start and stop things without a human being there. An example of this would be traffic lights. They work automatically using sensors. Cameras use sensors to record what is going on. Speed cameras use sensors because when cars go over a limit of speed it takes pictures. This is where sensors are used. We need sensors because it I part of our every day live. This affects the company very widely and efficiently. Having sensors keeps order and peace among the people that we live among. It help the decrease of road accident and safety for the passer bys. This software fit into this organization because this software is all about sensing and control it widely helps the company and makes their lives much easier. Imagine if there were no traffic lights what do you think the cause would be? There would be accidents; there will be patience with in the public. What would happen when cars get to a crossing and there are no traffic lights BANG you get a big collision? We all depend on a little software that helps keep order among the streets. 1. A control system typically comprises: 2. A computer or microprocessor 3. A control program which handles data from sensors and sends signals to output devices. 4. An interface box to convert signals between the sensors and processor Most systems can response very quickly and efficiently to the computer. Most system run 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. Most systems are controlled by the computer. This is very efficient. This also prevents humans from working in very dangerous places and use controlled computers to do the work. This is a fact that computers can process data Computers are now used to control many types of devices such as: Air conditioning and central heating systems are used in buildings and homes. Security systems used to prevent burglaries and own protection. Manufacturing processing. Traffic lights and pedestrians. Sensors Sensors are used to measure physical and quantities such as temperature, light, sound pressure and humidity. They send signals to the micro processor that controls this. For example: Some security alarm systems have inferred system within them. When something crosses this signal, the signal breaks and the alarm goes off. A heat sensitive sensor, which is mainly in the top corner of the room, can also sense presence of a person in a room. Temperature sensors are used to control the amount of heat in a room or a house. Magnetic sensors are loops in the tarmac to detect metal above them. This is also used to detect over head cars passing by. In some case there are many dams that haves computer controlled computers. The data from a water level sensor is continually sent to the processor. The computer has a controlled program which usually stores the required level of water. If the water level gets too high a valve is opened to let the water out and similarly if the water level is too low a valve is opened to let the water in. this controlled program stores the details of the water level and the action the computer must take.

Target Market Segments Profile Marketing Essay

Target Market Segments Profile Marketing Essay Cadbury is a trade name with a long times past in New Zealand and a loving assurance to make every person believe cheerful. Cadbury  is a  confectionery  company owned by  Kraft Foods. Its main  headquarter is in Dunedin. John Cadbury shaped the business in 1824 on the name of Cadbury. The business started as a shop in a fashionable place. A description of Cadburys and their aims of Cadbury is a worldwide company that makes market and sells exclusive branded chocolate. Cadbury have done this effectively for over 200 years. The cause they are so successful is because they have a comprehensible understanding of the needs of their consumers, customers and other stakeholders Product and services The specific product that will be the focus of this assignment is Cadbury roses. It is considered to be the best confectionary worldwide. It has almost various sorts of flavors shapes and 100% gluten free. Market of Interests Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the most leading player in chocolate making in New Zealand. The company rebound from unhelpful media interest in 2009 to recover a lost percentage position in assessment allocate during 2010, to account for 52%, production it by far the major participant in chocolate confectionery. (Euro monitor, 2011) Chocolate is known to be the best confectionary for everyone. The first is the upward share that high-cocoa dark chocolate makes up of the likely $350 million to $400m of chocolate each year. (Wikipedia, 2012). Dark Ghana slabs are now Whittakers major supplier, and therefore hold 20% of NZ market share, whereas cocoa Old Gold is Cadburys best ever-growing line mirror rising 70% (Whitakers, 2012) Cadbury is  a confectionery  company that makes 7.3% of the worlds, 27% of the worlds gum, and 7.4% of its chocolate. Australia and New Zealand are the largest markets in the region.   Cadburys foremost chocolate brand name in Australia is Cadbury Dairy Milk and in New Zealand, brand contain Cadbury Dairy Milk. Cadbury has a number one location in New Zealands confectionery marketplace by means of a 47% contribute to. Trends Cadbury is a product of the Dairy Milk brand has reported a 6% increase in profits last year. The sales increased due to better marketing. The marketing budget increased from $87m last year to $120m, which is up 10.8% in respect to sales. Marketing indeed has helped the confectionary company gross a good deal of profit in this global economic storm. (Cadbury, 2012) Cadbury chocolates especially Dairy milk makes use of less cocoa in its production thats why its taste is not bitter and color is not as dark as other chocolates. Mostly the kids and the adults too choose for this chocolate as their sweet dish only because of its superiority. Cadbury is indeed a good example of how marketing strategies can help turn an unfavorable situation in to a favorable one. (Cadbury, 2012) External Environment Impacts Technology Cadburys long traditions of expertise specializes its tastes and texture. In this competitive market of confectionary technologies are improving consumers growing tastes as well as preference. Chocolate creation is a greatly tasteful computer controlled procedure, with a good deal of the new professional technology and equipment individual fashioned to Cadburys own design and requirement. Political Milk chocolate be required to each be 20:20, with a lowest amount of 20% dried out cocoa solids and a lowest amount of 20% milk solids. Dairy Milk is this kind of milk chocolate. (Skillsspace, 2012) The Food Standards Agency is accountable for checking that the rule is uphold for the security of resources that come into get in touch with with foodstuff and labeling. Labels have to hold certain in sequence e.g. the manufactured goods name, the companys name, a list of ingredient, particular storage space directions). company include to make definite they know what the rule is and that they be traditional to it. Two important laws are shown in the graph below: Food Safety Act, 1990 Sale and Supply of Goods Act, 1994 Covers four main areas: Goods must: 1. Labeling 1. Be of a satisfactory quality 2. Additives 2. Fit the description given 3. Composition (or content) 3. Be fit for their purpose as made known to the seller 4. Public health and hygiene. (Source: Skillsspace, 2012) Economics Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate is the leader chocolate in overall New Zealand. It almost holds 47% of New Zealands confectionary market share in todays market. The scale of Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate going Fair trade is massive with more than 5.7 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks in New Zealand and estimated 350 million Fair trade Certified Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate blocks globally in 2010. (Cadbury, 2012). Cadbury has invest NZ$69 million to revolve Dunedin into a professional factory and protected developed and jobs in New Zealand. In the wake up of growing working and element expenses Cadbury is dropping developed costs so its crop stay at the back sensible at the leave. Social culturesource Today Cadburys have become a company who have a culture, which is concerned in keeping its stakeholders joyful. all along with this and the improvement in technology Cadburys have now lost its wide employee variety and replace it with machinery and at the moment just spend sufficient employees to stay the equipment leaving by individual stakeholder run the company has now become restricted by shareholders who are chiefly concerned in the company creation a wages (123helpme, 2011). Demography Cadbury chocolate targets kids between the age group of 5 to 10. During this age they are more likely to prefer chocolates more than any other confectionary since it is one of the best and satisfies most needs of the kids. Competitors An analysis of the current competition for Cadbury chocolates are centered on the 3 most popular chocolate sold in the New Zealand market today is presented using SWOT analyses. The weakness and strengths of Cadbury Chocolate has been identified as well as the threats and opportunities. Competitors 1 Nestle Henri Nestlà © provide his name to what is at the present the worlds main food and drink business, with over 280,000 workers, 456 factories in 84 countries and sales of extra than $140 billion in 2008. In our region, Nestlà © products have been available since the 1880s and in 1885; around 125 years ago, the company was first register in New Zealand. (Nestle, 2012) SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses Competitively priced Unique taste Established target market in New Zealand Few choices of chocolates KEY Opportunities KEY Threats Different flavored chocolates Competition 2 Whittaker Whittakers market a range of 250g block, slab, Santà © bar and chunk in superstore In the molded Block Chocolate market, Whittakers has made a quantum jump in sale and trade sales for the brand name at the end of May 2009 were $17 million with growth of 62.7% near enough sales at the end of May 2010 to $27.6m. This is a market so as to barely grew 12.2% (Aztec Molded Block Market MAT). (Whittaker, 2012) SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses Very good quality product Brand loyalty Competitive edge Established target market in New Zealand Existing distribution market Expensive to buy KEY Opportunities KEY Threats More chocolate flavors could be bought out Competition, such as lower priced chocolates New and better quality chocolates may take over the market 3 Kit Kat Kit Kat is also a very known and wanted confectionary in the NZ market today. It normally doesnt comes up in a very large package, and is always attractively packed. SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses Good quality product Brand loyalty In business for a number of years Established target market in New Zealand Only chocolate flavor Medium quality Only one color KEY Opportunities KEY Threats Bring more flavors More colors Competition by brands with better quality Cadbury Cadbury Confectionery Ltd is the the majority leading actor in chocolate confectionery in New Zealand. Cadbury is a make with a extended history in New Zealand and a obsessive promise to creation everybody think cheerful. Cadbury  is a  confectionery  company owned by  Kraft Foods. SWOT KEY Strengths KEY Weaknesses High quality product Competitively priced Competitive edge Established target market in New Zealand Existing distribution market Expensive to buy KEY Opportunities KEY Threats Bring out more new flavors, different taste and different colors Competition, such as lower priced chocolates Target Market segments profile Cadbury chocolate targets kids between the age group of 5 to 10. During this age they are more likely to prefer chocolates more than any other confectionary since it is one of the best and satisfies most needs of the kids. by means of customers attractive even additional anxious with healthy drinking Cadburys would be sensible to look into producing a near to the ground obese or fat free chocolate variety. The return of this, at the same time as it, could open a potential marketplace wherever people are attractive additional conscious of strong. (123helpme, 2011) Cadbury the chocolate leader aims to target kids between the age group of 5 to 10 who consume chocolate the most. Though it does not have any specific segmentation targets therefore Cadbury chocolates are eaten by people of all ages, sexes, cultures, educational backgrounds, regions and on all occasions. It is not just for a taste but also people taste it on the celebration occasions. However, there is some differentiation targeting as a variety of Cadbury products are available to cater for the individual needs of different groups of customers. For example, a family block (350g) is available for families. Internal Environment impacts: Financial analysis Cadbury have invest NZ dollar 69 million in the direction of twist Dunedin keen on a professional industrial unit and secure developed and jobs in New Zealand. Cadbury Confectionery today established that the reform of its New Zealand and Australian developed process into specialized Centers of developed fineness is in its last phase. The plan in the beginning announce reverse in September 2007 (by means of a additional message in August year 2008) have by now see asset of $NZ69 million to get better the output, and insecure the extended-phrase chance, of its New Zealand developed operation. (Cadbury.co.nz, 2012) Internal organization and structure Cadbury organization is base on a self-governing organization method decision be complete as a effect of a discussion procedure connecting all members of the organization. Cadbury Schweppes also have two separate structure. The arrangement that they use for their panel of director has be re-calculated to clarify accountability and facilitate swifter pronunciation manufacture (Source: www.cadburyschweppes.com.) look at the better association organization it is obvious to see who is in charge of which division inside the industry. (123Helpme, 2012) Manufacturing/services processes -make your own and explain Firstly the research on how the chocolate would be designed and how it would taste is prepared, ingredients and recipes are added, such as, milk, cocoa, palm oil and other grocery products, then there is the production process, and after the product is ready it is set for packaging. Consumer trials are then taken, modifications are made and finaly the product is launched in the market. Human Resource Each of Cadburys factory contain a HR branch, which treaty with the factories require for. Human resource planning is the process whereby organization agree on the staffing maintain they will need to gather business needs and customer demands. There are a range of consideration that impact this planning, together with approaching retirements and transition, the ease of use of staff with positive skill sets and modification in the atmosphere that may want preparation for existing workers. 5) Management A young man named Richard Hudson arrived in the year 1868 in Dunedin and started a biscuit business, which was a great success. He purchased and operate the primary chocolate and cocoa developed place Southern Hemisphere in the year 1884. R Hudson and Company joined with Cadbury in the year 1930, therefore it be in this year so as to the initial block of Cadbury chocolate made in New Zealand roll off a Dunedin manufacture line. The company became Cadbury Confectionery Ltd in the year 1991 among a lot of of the lollies and sweet re-recognized as Pascall. Cadbury become an element of the Kraft food public on 2nd February 2010. Their heritage continues till date, therefore Cadbury foodstuffs are a huge hit by Kiwis all over the place 6) Research and Development-what have they done doing? They are persistent champion of nonstop development identify new program and insight to profit the trade, considerably causal and influence the way of strategic initiative to influence us to a sustainable spirited benefit. (Itsyourkindofplace, 2011) Marketing Function Cadbury believes that parents and guardians are the most important influence in the development of children. They do not advertise where children under the age of eight years are likely to be the majority of the audience. They also do not believe that its appropriate to sell our confectionery products through vending machines in primary schools and we will not do so. Location Cadbury is a brand with a long history in New Zealand. In New Zealand the main factory is in Dunedin. (Wikipedia, 2012). Competitive Positioning: (euromonitor, 2012) The chart above explains the marketing position of the Cadbury chocolate and its three competitors. Ethical Standing Cadbury is committed to growing responsibly. They consider answerable business comes from listen and knowledge, and have in place a clear CSR vision and policy. Vision Working together to create brands people love. (Sportspromedia, 2010) Cadbury is a leading trade name in fundraising and provide its associates, The House of Fundraising and Interworld Fundraising, with a variety of topmost advertising products from Cadbury. (Cadbury, 2012), therefore they think about CSR as a optimistic supplier to their competitive strategy. Increasingly they think of it as more about doing in charge things valuably than just doing the gainful effects responsibly. Others An additional extremely winning TV campaign that Cadbury has launch in recent times is Moro 4th best which encourage Kiwis to provide it a go and celebrate the runner up as all Kiwis can!

Personal Exercise Plan :: Exercise Physiology

Personal Exercise Plan Introduction: The two main areas of my Personal Exercise Plan are Health Related Fitness and Skill Related Fitness. My aim is to improve my Health and Skill Related Fitness overall. I will do this by creating a 6 week program of all the different sports and exercises that I do each day. From this I will be choosing two training methods. These will be Circuit Training and Interval Training. My Circuit Training is made up of 5 stations . At each station you do a specific exercise for a set amount of time before moving onto the next station. The good thing about Circuit Training is that it is made up of aerobic exercises which I enjoy doing. I will also do Interval Training. This is a fixed pattern of fast and slow exercise. Each repetition of a pattern is called a 'rep' and you have to finish a 'set' (group of reps) before finishing your overall exercise session. I chose these two methods of training because I felt that they will improve my Health Related Fitness and my Skill Related Fitness the most. My chosen sport is football. I have chosen football because I know the rules of the game e.g. the difference between indirect and a direct free-kick etc. and also I play for a Sunday club. Cardiovascular training will improve my power and stamina when I kick a football and play the game generally. Interval training will improve my speed and reflexes on and off the ball. My resting heart rate is 64 bpm and my bleep test score (which I aim to beat through training in my Personal Exercise Plan when I get back to school) is 10.0. Detailed Six-Week Plan For my Circuit Training I will do 5 minutes of exercise overall each day. I will do 10 press up's, 10 sit up's, 10 step up's, 10 jumps and 10 squat thrusts. I will keep doing 10 of each exercise for 5 minutes then record my heart rate and then time my recovery rate.

Reproductive cloning Essay examples -- Ethical Issues, Human Cloning

As years pass, more and more gadgets, machines, transportations, and foods are being improved because of the technological advancements. Even the life of humans is improved by the years, where the life expectancy is increasing because of the developed medical research, medicines, and medical equipments. However, developed biomedical methods such as cloning are controversial, and in fact 93% of all Americans oppose cloning. Because of the controversies against this practice, the United States would not open the door to reproductive cloning, and this lead to a debate between the government, and scientists and bioethicists- who are supporting human cloning. Although the critics of human cloning fear that this biomedical practice would create an unpleasant environment, inequality and contradicts with religious aspects and beliefs, cloning can help infertile women to reproduce, help cure diseases and help restore the sanctity of life. Human cloning is bombarded with predictions that the supporters of cloning find it risky. Cloning is another medical advancement if it will be legalized. Cloning is duplicating the gene of a species where it will make an exact copy of DNA of the particular species, resulting into the existence of two identical species. Human cloning is a very controversial and apprehensive word, for people think that cloning will be equal to robots, not a real person/ species, and simply because they think that the world will be crazy seeing the environment with identical species of person walking on streets; the same fears that the critics are predicting. Because of the abhorrence, critics and writers are predicting the horrors that could happen; for example, stories like a cloned woman who was not talented as her anc... ...flake program has arranged adoptions of nearly a thousand embryos, about twenty of which become babies† (64). Embryos have life, for they can turn into babies; therefore, we should make the embryos become valuable by giving them a chance to live or heal the sick people rather than just throwing them away. Human/Reproductive Cloning has showed many reasons why it should not be banned because of its benefits. Cloning would not make a big difference from what we have right now, like slaves and organ donors that we already have right now, and the religion that not everyone believed in the same God which other people may find reproductive cloning helpful in making a family especially to the infertile couple. Furthermore, help cure the diseases and give life to aborted fetus and embryos. Therefore, we should not take the reproductive off the table and should be decided. Reproductive cloning Essay examples -- Ethical Issues, Human Cloning As years pass, more and more gadgets, machines, transportations, and foods are being improved because of the technological advancements. Even the life of humans is improved by the years, where the life expectancy is increasing because of the developed medical research, medicines, and medical equipments. However, developed biomedical methods such as cloning are controversial, and in fact 93% of all Americans oppose cloning. Because of the controversies against this practice, the United States would not open the door to reproductive cloning, and this lead to a debate between the government, and scientists and bioethicists- who are supporting human cloning. Although the critics of human cloning fear that this biomedical practice would create an unpleasant environment, inequality and contradicts with religious aspects and beliefs, cloning can help infertile women to reproduce, help cure diseases and help restore the sanctity of life. Human cloning is bombarded with predictions that the supporters of cloning find it risky. Cloning is another medical advancement if it will be legalized. Cloning is duplicating the gene of a species where it will make an exact copy of DNA of the particular species, resulting into the existence of two identical species. Human cloning is a very controversial and apprehensive word, for people think that cloning will be equal to robots, not a real person/ species, and simply because they think that the world will be crazy seeing the environment with identical species of person walking on streets; the same fears that the critics are predicting. Because of the abhorrence, critics and writers are predicting the horrors that could happen; for example, stories like a cloned woman who was not talented as her anc... ...flake program has arranged adoptions of nearly a thousand embryos, about twenty of which become babies† (64). Embryos have life, for they can turn into babies; therefore, we should make the embryos become valuable by giving them a chance to live or heal the sick people rather than just throwing them away. Human/Reproductive Cloning has showed many reasons why it should not be banned because of its benefits. Cloning would not make a big difference from what we have right now, like slaves and organ donors that we already have right now, and the religion that not everyone believed in the same God which other people may find reproductive cloning helpful in making a family especially to the infertile couple. Furthermore, help cure the diseases and give life to aborted fetus and embryos. Therefore, we should not take the reproductive off the table and should be decided.

Responces To Hunger :: essays research papers

Although hunger and starvation are prevalent in our nation, Americans have turned their backs to this problem. We have turned our backs because we have been conditioned and desensitized by the media, to the issue of hunger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical conditioning is “the process by which a stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.'; Classical conditioning is like the famous case of Pavlov’s dogs that we learned about in Psychology 101: The dogs learn to associate the ringing of the bell with food, and, once conditioned, the dogs could not hear the bell without salivating.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese were masters at using classical conditioning with their solders. Early in World War II, Chinese prisoners were placed in a ditch on their knees with their hands bound behind them. And one by one, a select few Japanese soldiers would go into the ditch and bayonet “their'; prisoners to death. Up on the bank, countless other young soldiers would cheer them on in their violence. Comparatively few soldiers actually killed in these situations, but by making the others watch and cheer, the Japanese were able to use these kinds of atrocities to classically condition a very large audience to associate pleasure with human death and suffering. Immediately afterwards, the soldiers who had been spectators were treated to sake, the best meal they had in months, and so-called comfort girls. The result? They learned to associate committing violent acts with pleasure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are also some clear-cut examples of classical conditioning established by the media today. Our culture watches vivid pictures of human suffering and death, and we learn to associate it with our favorite soft drink and candy bar, or our girlfriend’s/boyfriend’s perfume/cologne. This occurs at the movies or even at home watching TV we laugh and cheer and keep right on eating popcorn and drinking pop while in front of us are images of death. We are in a generation where we have learned to associate the media with pleasure. So it is no surprise that when we view starving people in the world we are not startled, or very upset by the images displayed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operant conditioning is the process by which a response becomes more or less likely to occur, depending on its consequence. Children, of course cry for many valid reasons; pain, discomfort, fear, illness, fatigue and their cries deserve an adult’s sympathy and attention.

Internal Controls Relating to the Bjb Company

All publicly trader companies in the USA are required to maintain and have an up to date system of internal controls. Since the LJB Company is wishing to become a public entity, I am glad to be able to assist in this action. First, the rules and regulations must be reviewed and compared to the company and how it can become public. To make the company attractive to buyers, investors, and other capital sources, it is crucial that the corporate organization and governance are well manifested. Corporate executives and the board of directors within a corporation must ensure that these internal controls are effective.The reliability and efficiency of the internal controls must be directed and supervised by the board of directors and corporate executives (Kimmel 345). Because the LJB Company is a small sized company in regards to the employee number, there should be a re-evaluation of the costs versus the benefits of being a publicly traded company. It would be best to know how the company would deal with stock in this case. A stock report needs to be made and discussed further regarding the number of shares, issuing stock, and stock value for the LJB Company.To safeguard the assets, enhance the reliability of the accounting records, increase efficiency within the financial operations, safeguard the assets of the company, and ensure proper compliance with the laws and regulations, the Internal Control report is crucial to the company. A controlled environment, risk assessment, activity control, information and communication, and group monitoring should all be a part of the internal control report (Kimmel 349). From the given information, the internal control components of an effective internal control system are not as efficient as they can be.Because LBJ is trying to go public in the near future, there are some requirements that must be met in within the internal control system. It is the responsibility of the management on how important ethics are within the organiz ation. Secondly, the management should address the employees on what kind of risks are associated in regards to having unethical activity. One example is fraud. In order tor educe fraud, the management must implement policies and procedures regarding education in what the consequence of the employee and company will be if fraud is detected.Due to the small number of employees in the LJB Copmany, there is an advantage over competitors. Because employees show long term commitment, there is a loyalty and employee retention. It is also easier to manage the employees and implementing new rules and regulations will be handled in an easier manner. The decision to switch to pre-numbered invoices was a great idea by the accountants and the indelible ink machine purchase was a great investment. These pre-numbered invoices are going to be a great aid in preventing transactions more than once and will be helpful in keeping track of recorded transactions.It will also help the timeliness of the a ccounting entries from the employees’ transactions. This will restore the reliability of the accounting records and their accuracy. The use of physical controls like this is crucial in the internal control environment. In addition, the holding of checks in a safe place is in accordance with the principles of internal physical control as well and it reflects the safeguard of assets—which in turn, improves the reliability and accuracy of the accounting records.Because of the monthly bank reconciliation and sole purchasing of the supplies, the accountant is acting as a treasurer and controller at the same time it seems. This is a violation of the segregation of duties principle (Kimmel 355). Various frauds are possible when this dual role is employed. In order to deliver an effective and controlled system within the internal controls environment, the use of physical custody needs to be separated from record keeping duties. Fraudulent activity will be detected if documenta tion and independent verification is not employed.In regards to cash receipts, there should be a designated employee such as a cashier to handle the cash. Also, proper cash recording of receiving and having custody of cash, cash register and over the counter receipts, total deposits of receipts, register receipts, as well as bank deposit slips should be performed daily (as frequent as possible). Lastly, there should be a limited authorized employee number to handle the company cash safes and cash storage in the bank (Kimmel 352). The internal controls of the LJB Company would benefit from authorizing employees that are designated for treasury purposes only.These individuals would only deal with checks and approve payments while keeping account for the checks with an approved invoice, as well as stamping each approved invoice that has been paid. Secondly, there needs to be a safe or vault that stores the blank checks and it is restricted access to only certain authorized individuals. The machine needs to be printed with indelible ink for the correct amount. Lastly, there needs to be monthly reconciliations of bank and book balances; the company needs to have approved invoices of checks before issuing payment(s).The internal control principles are based on responsibility of different employees. In the case that all employees have access to the petty cash drawer, it will be impossible to determine who may be responsible for an error if it occurred. It would be recommended that only one person is responsible for this handling. This petty cash should be held in a safe or vault and the person designated for access should report to the supervisor on a weekly basis in regards to the withdrawals therein. Lastly for the LJB Company, to ensure proper employee conduct and ethical conduct, the hiring process is very important for the internal control issue.The human resources department should control and monitor background checks that are thorough and confidential. The co mpany’s information and security is at risk with the employees, so making sure that the employee value integrity will be crucial in the long-run success of the company. In order to have better physical internal control and human resource control, there needs to be restricted access to computers and information therein. First and foremost, there needs to be an installed software program that blocks certain websites.Upon hiring, the employee should attain his or her own password and login to have access to the computer. Software also exists that detects the websites accessed and a track record of login at particular times. Once an employee has their own login and password, they are solely responsible for the work they do on that computer. In summary, if all of the above listed suggested practices are taken into account and properly implemented, the LJB Company will thrive as a the publicly traded corporation. References Kimmel. Financial Accounting. 6. VitalSource Bookshelf. Jo hn Wiley & Sons.

Most Effective Kicks in Tae Kwon-Do

Some kicks are more useful than others, so I'll be walking you through the most powerful/effective kicks that are In Ate Swoon-Do. Let's go through the attributes of a kick, we'll start off with the base leg, the leg that stays on the ground during the kick. This leg Is just as Important (If anything more important) than you're kicking leg, due to the fact that this leg has to grant you the flexibility to initiate the kick and also has to maintain balance throughout the kick.Whenever you begin a kick, you should allow the heel of the foot of your base leg to e raised slightly upward (Thus resting on the ball of your foot) to maintain maximum mobility while the kick is in motion, allowing you to turn in the correct position for the kick. If you need to shift your position as your Initiating the kick. You can also slide/ skip on the ball of your foot toward the desired direction.The knee of your base leg should be slightly bent whenever you perform a kicking technique, this adds to the over-all balance of your body; you will be able to adjust your position easily, by adding more or less bend to your knee, to compensate for the height and velocity of our kick. Now onto the striking leg, first off you never really want to fully extend your leg when kicking. The knee of the striking leg should remain slightly bent. This is accomplished by maintaining muscle control over the lower part of your leg, and not allowing the momentum of the kick to force your leg to hyper extend.Because the knee joint is one of the most sensitive joints of the human body be sure to keep both knees slightly bent, to prevent them hypertension or bending backward unnaturally. Side Snap The basic side snap, is performed by initially shifting the majority of your body eight to your base leg as your striking leg (Be it your front or rear leg) rises up with a bent knee to waist level. As your striking leg rises, you pivot on the ball of your base foot so your heel is facing your target. Your body leans sideways toward the ground as your striking leg is extended toward your target.The impact is made with the heel or outside ridge of your foot. You can substantially Increase the range of the side snap by allowing the momentum of its launch to drive you forward. To do so, enter into a fighting stance and begin by launching the side snap with the front or rear leg. Round. By performing the side snap in this fashion, you allow your base leg to slide slightly forward across the floor, propelled by the momentum developed when your striking leg is launched toward its target. Not only does this add to the range of the kick, but also increases its power as well, due to the fact that the force of your entire body is behind it.One of the main problems with delivering the sliding side snap is that many people will release the kicks power before they are in range of their target. When performing the side snap in this style, it is imperative to remember not to unleash your striking legs p ower from your hip, until your target is close and you are sure of making contact with it. If this kick is done to far from your target, the most you can hope to accomplish is that your extended leg will make touching contact with your opponent. You will not, however, have any debilitating impact. Therefore, keep your side snap retracted until target impact is ensured.Turn-around Side Snap Structurally similar to the side snap, the turn-around side snap is a spinning variation of the basic side snap. This kick is executed by first turning your head round, keeping an eye on your target. You turn your head simultaneously pivoting your body on the ball of the foot of you lead base leg so that the heel of your base leg is facing your opponent. Your kicking technique is then launched from rear-leg position, in side kick fashion The turn-around side snap is a muscle-driven technique. Impact with this kick is made with the heel or the outside ridge of your foot.The ideal targets for the tu rn-around side snap are your opponent's knee, midsection or head The turn-around side snap can be used both offensively and offensively; it can be used as a single offensive movement or as a rapid combination of kicks alternating from one foot to the next. It can also be used defensively as a counter attack when your opponent is throwing a punch or a kick that leaves him open. All-Around Swing Kick The all-around swing kick is one of the most powerful techniques in a Ate Swoon- Do practitioner's kicking arsenal. The momentum this kick can have has a devastating effect upon any object it strikes.The all-around swing kick is executed by turning your head around behind you, to make sure your target hasn't moved, as you multitudinously pivot 1800 on the ball of your base foot. Your rear leg lifts off the ground and proceeds toward its target in a circular fashion. This kick strikes its target with the back of your heel. The all-around swing kick is most effective when delivered to the h ead or mid-section of your opponent. It is important to drive your kick to go â€Å"through† your target, in other words, you don't want to stop Just as you hit your target, you want the kick to follow through.Doing this well result in greater power and making it harder to defend against. Like most kicks, the all-around swing kick can be used defensively or offensively Front Snap The front snap, is one of the first kicks that all Ate Swoon-Do students learn. Most devastatingly effective offensive/defensive techniques in your kicking arsenal when performed correctly. The basic front snap is performed by entering into a traditional fighting stance. You then launch your striking leg forward by quickly raising the knee of your striking leg up to the desired height (It all depends on where you planning to attack, be it the head, mid-section or legs).The lower section of your tricking leg is then immediately snapped outward in the direction of your target. The front snaps power is developed by a combination of upper-leg muscle strength and lower-leg snapping momentum. The impact of the kick can be made with either the instep of your foot of the ball of your foot. To strike with the ball of your foot, you need to pull back your toes, exposing the ball of your foot. Performing the front snap with the ball of your foot is more advanced and takes additional practice.Through continued practice, however, the ability to instantly pull back your toes will become tie natural. The reason it is so important to pull back your toes (Even if you are wearing shoes), is that if you leave them in their naturally extended position, they can easily be broken when target impact is made. The basic front snap is an ideal close- contact fighting weapon. As us commonly understood, a front snap to the groin of any individual is universally debilitating. Other close-contact targets for this kick include; the solar plexus, the stomach, or the bottom of your opponent's Jaw.Axe Kick The axe kick, is a close-contact offensive and defensive weapon. The axe kick is performed by quickly raising your striking leg (Depending if your kicking with your front or rear leg), in a linear fashion, and then forcefully bringing your heel/ball of your foot, down onto the shoulder/chest/face of your opponent. The basic axe kick is only effective in close-contact infighting situations, but it is quite easy to extend the range of this kick. Enter into a fighting stance and prepare to launch an axe kick from your preferred leg front of rear (although it's mainly used with the rear leg).Now instead of performing it with your leg locked into position, visualize a target several feet in front of you. Quickly lift your striking leg. As you target. There are two ways to execute an axe kick; the traditional axe kick is brought inward, across your body, and then down-ward onto its target. The out-to-in axe kick is swung outward and is then brought down onto you opponents shoulder. The out-to -in axe kick is also a close- contact infighting weapon. It can most effectively be dispatched when your attacker has been taken hold of your clothing, or you have hold on his.Then, like before, the kick is quickly brought up and delivered to your opponents shoulder region Conclusion As we can see, kicks play a huge part in Ate Swoon-Do, we only went through 4 different kicks, there are many other (Such as hook kick, turning kick, swing kick, crescent kick, all-around hook kick, all-around swing kick†¦ Etc,). Kicks don't need to be complicated or hard to perform in order to be effective, like we went through at the start, for a kick to be effective in combat, it needs to be fast, difficult to block and able to get through you're opponents guard and hit its target.

Assignment on Business Strategy Essay

Assignment on Business Strategy 1 . Evaluate a company of your choice’s Mission statement in the light of the 3 components of any Mission Statement. Also use the Abel framework to evaluate the business definition that this mission statement drives. Ans. ) While a business must continually adapt to its competitive environment, there are certain core ideals that remain relatively steady and provides guidance in the process of strategic decision making. These unchanging ideals from the business vision and are expresses in the company mission statement. The mission statement communicates the firm’s core deology and visionary goals, generally consisting of the following three components: a. Core values to which the firm is committed b. Core purpose of the firm c. Visionary goals the firm will pursue The firm’s core values and purpose constitutes its core ideology and remain relatively constant. They are independent of industry structure and the product life cycle. The core ideology is not created in the mission statement; rather, the mission statement is simply an expression of what already exists. The specific phrasing of the ideology may change with the times, but the underlying ideology remains constant. Here is the Coca-Cola Company’s mission statement for Stakeholders which is published in Jeffrey Abrahams’ new book, 101 Mission Statements From Top Companies . â€Å"The Coca-Cola Promise: The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches. The basic proposition of our business is simple, solid, and timeless. When we bring refreshment, value, Joy and fun to our stakeholders, then we successfully nurture and protect our brands, particularly Coca-Cola. That is the key to fulfilling our ultimate obligation to provide consistently attractive returns to the owners of our business. The audience for this mission is specifically for the stakeholder. The values here are stated explicitly: refreshment, value, Joy, fun, and attractive returns. These words were obviously carefully chosen by those who crafted this mission statement. The â€Å"ultimate obligation† of â€Å"attractive returns† is a powerful way to state the company’s vision and keeps the values stated in context. A separate mission statement is published on The Coca-Cola Company’s website for access by the general public: â€Å"Everything we do is inspired by our enduring mission: * To Refresh the World†¦ in body, mind, and spirit. * To Inspire Moments of Optimism†¦ hrough our brands and our actions. * To Create Value and Make a Difference†¦ everywhere we engage. † These values are consistent with the stakeholder version of the mission: refreshment and value are echoed in addition to inspiration. 2. What does a Business model intend to achieve, and how? Evaluate any company of your choice’s Business Model in the light of the same. Ans. ) Business Models are simulations of actual business functioning. They act as ideal real life examples, and help participants actively discuss the pros and cons of the situation given. A business Model gives a Full Account of any particular Business Scenario. One has to SWOT analyze the Business Model based on different how it makes money or delivers value, and what it does and does not do. A business model can change throughout the life of business or can be applied to a specific product, or to a nonprofit. It is a more general and concise statement than the business plan, but is still often used to explain the business and its activities to investors, banks or employees. Standard business models are often referred to in shorthand, such as â€Å"subscription† or â€Å"low-cost leader. † As we know a business model is the mechanism by which a business intends to pecify a market offering. It is a summary of how a company plans to serve its customers and specifies its product offering. It mentions both the strategy and methods of implementation. As Amazon. com was being established, the delivery of information, goods, or services to end customers employed one strong business model called the Online Retailers of Physical Goods. This business model takes title to the newly manufactured products that they sell and often rely on third party providers. Like Amazon. com, it needed third party providers, such as Borders and Barnes & Noble, to maintain its product supply. When Amazon. om was first launched, Amazon. om was heralded for its feel-friendly culture that drew talented young people to apply for work there and employed smart hiring strategy by hiring the brightest, most intelligent and versatile people. Jeff Bezos wanted people who could share his vision and were willing to work to achieve it. He tried to establish a sense of community due to sharing both hard work and fun with his employees. Although pay was less than market salaries, attractive ownership options were offered. Amazon’s three operational strategies are 1 . Cost-Leadership – Amazon places itself as leader based only on the pricing. It offers the same product quality for lesser price. 2. Customer Differentiation – Amazon uses design, quality and convenience as a differentiator which set it apart from its close competitors. 3. Focus Strategies – Customer service is the major focus while realizing that each market has its own quirks. Amazon. com’s values and philosophy are at the center of the organization. These often determines the success and failure of the enterprise . The other important factors Amazon focuses on are customer satisfaction and operational frugality. These two values complement Amazon. om’s operational trategies in achieving and maintaining an effective competitive advantage. Growth Drivers There are four primary drivers for growth: 1. Product focus 2. Customer focus 3. Technology focus 4. Distribution focus Using the above stated strategies, Amazon has managed to place itself in a position of power and success. 3. Use the 5 forces model to analyze and interpret the opportunities and threats that the industry within which a company operates (of your choice), throws up. Explain how the company plans to capitalise on the opportunities and tackle the threats understanding where power lies in a business situation. It also helps to understand both the strength of a firm’s current competitive position, and the strength of a position a company is looking to move into. Despite the fact that the Five Force framework focuses on business concerns rather than public policy, it also emphasizes extended competition for value rather than Just competition among existing rivals, and the simpleness of its application inspired numerous companies as well as business schools to adopt its use (Wheelen and Hunger, 1998). * Chez Airlinbe company is not an isolated unit in the world and performs within a market full of other competitors. To be able to evaluate their position on market and to act accordingly they themed the Porter’s Five Forces Model. This model helped to define and realize their business and its surroundings and identify threats and opportunities to focthem on. They review this model periodically to obtain up-to-date data in this global and turbulent environment. The Porter Model consists of 5 elements which together comprises the environment business operate in. These elements are: suppliers, customers, new entrants, existing competition and the product itself. By assessing every one of these elements they get the whole picture of heir company within the market and the rating helps them target the key areas. They theme the scale of 0-5 to evaluate the policies of each element where O means no policies and 5 very high policies (reffering to the number in the brackets). * 1) Policies of Suppliers As they operate in the areas of services there are no critical commodities having large influence of their everyday service delivery. Therefore this area is not of critical policies in a short run. However, they should not underestimate this element as they wouldn’t be able to continue the business in long run without suppliers. f their supply (3) This is a threat in case of the aircraft machines. There are not many reputable airplanes (and airplanes parts) producers and therefore they could have strong policies to control the air travel industry. As for the catering, gift services and other indirect materials there are many fragmented choice and therefore their policies is of almost no significance as they could be replaced quickly. There are no substitutes for the particular input (5) There are no substitutes for planes (in case they want to continue providing air transportation instead of ground routes) and herefore the policies of this element is very high – business critical. They could reduce this policies by handling cargo theming the earth services but this might decrease service level they provide to their customers. * The suppliers’ customers are fragmented, so their bargaining policies is low (4) There are more than 200 airlines all over the world and despite some alliance organizations (such as IATA) they are all potential competitors. The policies of this element is relatively high as the suppliers could afford losing one customers but the customers can’t afford loosing the critical supplier (e. g. Boeing). The switching costs from one supplier to another are high (3) Switching costs in air transport industry are mainly related to the fact of limited airplanes producers and to the machine a company already owns. They theme planes form 3 producers: Airbthem, Boeing and ATR.

How are gender relationships depicted in Chaucers “Wife of Bath”?

The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale is one of the twenty-four stories which make up The Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer towards the end of the 14th century. The premise for The Tales is that of a group of pilgrims each telling stories in order to win the prize of a free meal, the primary narrator is a naà ¯ve pilgrim who is not described. The Canterbury Tales is written in Middle English, which bears a close visual resemblance to the English written and spoken today. The Tales were unfinished as Chaucer died before their completion and the order of the stories has been disputed due to the fragmented nature of his work. This essay will be looking at gender relationships in The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale and in medieval Literature as a whole. Chaucer’s Wife of Bath is a middle-aged woman from the west country, who strides into The Canterbury Tales on a large horse with her spurs jangling and riding in the fashion of a man rather than the side saddle that was typical of women, ready to assert herself in the company of pilgrims made almost entirely of men. Rich and elaborate in design, the Wife’s clothes reek of extravagance, her stockings â€Å"weren of fyn scarlet reede† and â€Å"on hir feet a paire of spores sharpe† show how wealthy she has become from her conquests of men. In the General Prologue where each of the characters is described in terms of their profession she is clearly a ‘professional wife’ who has travelled more than almost all of the other pilgrims making her a bold, adventurous and sociable character. Men were the ones who travelled to distant lands in search of adventure, this challenges the accepted ideas about gender of the time. This portrait of a woman is very peculiar for a piece of medieval literature, men tend to have the starring role and women are usually featured as beautiful ladies in distress or as villainous old hags. The Wife of Bath is neither a helpless damsel in distress nor a typical old crone. She is the first of her kind in English literature. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue is the life story of Alison who has married five times, this in itself is unusual for a woman in medieval literature as it is usually the rogue male who has multiple lovers. Chaucer certainly informs us of Alison’s backstory to a higher degree than he does the other pilgrims. There are many pieces of literature which condemn women, from the highest class to the lowest, Chaucer does not ignore this with his characterisation of the Wife but rather embraces it to make her who she is. The Wife is noisy and bossy, she torments her husbands and has a large enough sexual appetite to compete with the most sexual of men. But Chaucer has also made her capable of love, vulnerable, optimistic and argumentative against medieval anti-woman ideas. It is not clear whether Chaucer wants us to sympathise with the Wife and see her as the first feminist and defender of women’s rights or if we are to view her as an elaborate joke of what would happen if a women were to ever have as much freedom as a man. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue is different from any literature which had been encountered, as is her Tale. The male lead is not a typical heroic knight but a rapist, the main female role is an ugly old woman and the force of good in the story is a court full of powerful women. All the standard ideas of gender relationships are both turned on their heads and brought into sharp focus. The Wife conforms to a number of anti-female stereotypes of the medieval period, stereotypes which were created by men for the purpose of a patriarchal society. She claims that she has a great sexual appetite whilst also boasting that she uses sex to gain wealth. The Wife also tells of how she controls her husbands through the use of her body, a fear which is common of villainous females in medieval literature and which males dread. The Wife points out that there are many husbands and wives in the Bible. Some of the greatest men in the Old Testament were not only married but had multiple wives. â€Å"Lo, heere the wise kyng, daun Salomon; I trowe he hadde wyves mo than oon. As wolde God it leveful were unto me To be refresshed half so ofte as he!† (35-38) This is a double standard in that these men have multiple lovers but that women apparently can’t. By calling King Solomon â€Å"wise† she is conveying that wise men have multiple marriages. The Wife successfully gives examples from the Bible of people whose marriages were blessed by God despite the polygamous nature of these marriages. The Pardoner who is shocked by the Wife’s revelations so far interrupts her story, he says that he was about to marry but is now not so sure that it is a good idea. â€Å"Now, dame,† quod he, â€Å"by God and by Seint John!†¦ I was aboute to wedde a wyf; allas!†¦ What sholde I bye it on my flessh so deere? Yet hadde I levere wedde no wyf to-yeere!† (164-168) The Wife then tells a short story about a medieval pardoner who worked for the Church collecting donations from those sorry for their sins and anxious to find forgiveness. His manhood is called into question throughout the canterbury tales and his talk of taking a wife is probably an empty boast. This is a continuation of Wife of Bath’s theme of male impotence, she regularly taunts her celibate male adversaries in this way throughout the prologue. It was unheard of for a woman to speak this way about such matters, even a man would think before directly insulting men of the Church. The first three husbands the Wife had were rich old men who were financially secure. The Wife treated each of these husbands badly and in a very dominating way. By being argumentative and eager to start trouble she ensured that they would be careful to please her. â€Å"What sholde I taken keep hem for to plese, But it were for my profit and myn ese?† (213-14) Here the Wife of Bath uses a rhetorical question, it is clear from the tone that she doesn’t think she needs to care about her husbands. The misogynists classed all women together as bad and all wives as nothing but trouble. Chaucer both confirms this stereotype here with the way the Wife treated her first three husbands but also turns it around so that the woman is in control for once and the men are indistinguishable without even a single name between them. Chaucer makes us pity the husbands but it also shows us how unfairly women are usually treated. Chaucer outlines the Wife’s general techniques on how she handles Marital trouble which are lying, cheating and accusing the opposite gender before they accuse you. Lying and cheating were the things that medieval literature always accused the villainous women in a story of doing. The Wife is therefore acting in a very stereotypically manipulative way, and comes very close to becoming the old villainous hag which was a staple of medieval literature. Chaucer makes it clear that the Wife is a complex character and that our response to her as readers should be one of uncertainty. He makes sure we see the good aswell as the bad. The Wife of Bath goes on to describe the lies she would use to keep her first three husbands in line. She’d accuse them of lecherous behaviour and of chasing after the neighbours or servants and then unfairly accusing her about her relationship with her ‘friend’. She uses powerful but offensive imagery towards woman in order to get her point across. â€Å"For as a spanyel she wol on hym lepe,†¦ But folk of wyves maken noon assay, Til they be wedded — olde dotard shrewe! And thanne, seistow, we wol oure vices shewe.† (267-292) The Wife of Bath uses simile’s to compare women first of all to animals, which should be tried by men before they are bought. They are then reduced even further being compared to ordinary objects such as basins, washbowls, spoons and stools. The men did not say these things and this paints the Wife of Bath in a very negative light for her deceit but at the same time other men during her period are guilty of thinking such things. The Wife boasts about how she lied to her husbands about what they said whilst drunk in order to make them feel guilty. This extract is some of the Wife’s most blatant deceit and if all women were to be like this in medieval times it would be surprising if men and women ever managed to live together at all. â€Å"Thou liknest eek wommenes love to helle, To bareyne lond, ther water may nat dwelle. Thou liknest it also to wilde fyr;† (371-372) The Wife doesn’t see the wickedness of her ways as is obvious when she states â€Å"Yet tikled I his herte, for that he Wende that I hadde of hym so greet chiertee!† The choice of verb is an interesting one because it is much lighter than the passage as a whole. The Wife claims that either her or her husband must give in if they are to live in peace, and she says â€Å"And sith a man is moore resonable† he should be the one to give in more easily. She then slyly puts in a comment about how she is his alone, implying that this could easily change at any moment. She is exploiting male and female stereotypes here, using a man’s image of themselves as reasonable and superior against them. She is manipulating by saying that if women are so stupid and emotional, clever men should just let them have their way in order for there to be peace. The Wife of Bath’s youth may have now passed her by but she has no regrets. Her fourth husband however was not a very happy memory for her. She even goes on to tell us about his unfaithfulness â€Å"This is to seyn, he hadde a paramour†. Her dominance and power over her first three husbands now gives way to the more melancholy story of her next husband. Old women in medieval literature quite often show bitterness and loathing when they remember their youth but the Wife has no regrets. Her optimism and her grace in the way that she accepts the passing of her youth shows a softer and more vulnerable side to this manipulative and domineering woman. With the death of her fourth husband The Wife then falls in love with a man named Jankyn who was half her age. Within a month she had married him and as an act of love she signed over all her property to him. However, Jankyn was typical of a medieval gender role. He was a dominant man who won’t be told what to do by a woman. He demands her to stop going on pilgrimages, stop gossiping and to generally stop all the mischievous behaviour from her past. He beats her for tearing pages out of a book and tells her of husbands who left their wives because the wives would not do as they were told. â€Å"And me of olde Romayn geestes teche; How he Symplicius Gallus lefte his wyf, And hire forsook for terme of al his lyf† (642-644) The Wife now has to be on the receiving end of the abuse that she has up until then caused, she is the one being dominated and controlled. She has previously been at a distance from the anti-women literature of the period, even used it to her advantage against her past husbands. Now she must endure the stereotypically male dominated household she has avoided for so long. The reason the Wife of Bath is deaf is because she was struck by Jankyn for tearing out a few pages from his favourite book. It consisted of stories by the best known authors of the middle ages which condemned women. â€Å"For trusteth wel, it is an impossible That any clerk wol speke good of wyves,† (688-689) She hated this book as Jankyn used it to cause her a great deal of grief, she stated that these men don’t understand women yet they are the ones writing these stories. What’s quite interesting is that all the literature she used to control her past husbands was now coming at her in a very real sense. The Wife of Bath asks the question â€Å"Who peyntede the leon, tel me who?† which points out that medieval women existed in a world where everything including art, religion, work, family life and literature was controlled by men. Chaucer pointing this out is well ahead of his time in terms of social gender commentary. The Wife’s ripping of the book could be seen as a symbolic gesture. The Wife used this literature against her past husbands, she had it used against her by her fifth husband. The tearing of the book is symbolic of the Wife moving away from medieval stereotypes. After finally finishing the prologue to her story the Wife of Bath moves onto her Tale. The story opens with the rape of a young maiden, the rape is described very casually as though it is somehow entirely natural that a woman is violently attacked this way. â€Å"He saugh a mayde walkynge hym biforn, Of which mayde anon, maugree hir heed, By verray force, he rafte hire maydenhed;† (886-888) The word ‘raft’ means he took her ‘maydenhead’ which is not a very violent verb but it still has powerful imagery because of how casual a word it is. This can be seen as an extreme example of the way in which women are regarded as mere property. The knight’s offence was against a woman so it is therefore ironic that women should step in to save his life. They don’t do this out of compassion or mercy though, he is to be placed in a powerless position in which the fate of his body is in the hands of another, similar to when a woman is raped. After a year of searching for the answer to the question of what women want the knight rides back to the court in despair, this is when he encounters an extremely ugly old woman who agrees to give him the answer to his question if he agrees to do something for her. After answering with â€Å"†Wommen desiren to have sovereynetee† the old hag asks the knight to marry her. Because our knight did not know what the condition would be he is placed in a far more vulnerable position. He is completely under the old woman’s dominance, a reversal of the normal male female relationship. The â€Å"lusty bacheler† from the start of the story now â€Å"hidde hym as an owle†, no longer dominant and in control or a stereotype of medieval man. The old woman then gives the knight an ultimatum, she can either be beautiful and unfaithful or faithful and ugly. The knight considers for a moment but decides in the end to let her make the decision which results in her being both beautiful and faithful. With the mastery handed over to the old lady, there is a switching of gender roles with the knight also getting what he wants. The knight is no longer the misogynist monster he was at the start of The Wife of Bath’s Tale. It could be argued that the Wife of Bath is giving a voice to the excluded women of medieval society. Through her voice we hear and see all the devaluation and oppression which is always silent in medieval literature due to the authors being almost entirely male. The Wife could also be interpreted as a representation of stereotypical medieval fear by men about women as cruel, emotional and sexually deviant. It is not clear in what way Chaucer meant for her to be conveyed, it is clear however that he wanted her to become a complicated character with many different layers whose gender was a driving force for the story.